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SUBJECT
GUIDE
APA Style
Examples from or based on
Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association
________________________________________________________________________
Reference List Examples
The reference list appears at
the end of your work. It contains only those materials cited in the text
of your work.
Book – Single author
Bernstein, T.M. (1965). The
careful writer: A modern guide to English usage.
New York: Atheneum.
Book – Two authors
Strunk, W., Jr. & White, E.B. (1979). The
elements of style (3rd
ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Book – More than two authors
Fanagan, J.C., Dailey, J., Shaycroft, M., Gorham, W., Orr,
D., & Goldberg, I. (1962). Design
for a study of American youth.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Book – Corporate Author
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic
and statistical manual of mental disorders
(4th
ed.). Washington, DC:
Author.
Article or chapter from book
Hartley, J.T., Harker, J.O., & Walsh, D.A. (1980).
Contemporary issues and new directions in adult
development of
learning and memory. In L.W. Poon (Ed.), Aging
in the 1980’s: Psychological
issues (pp. 239-252).
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Article from journal (continuous pagination in volume)
Piavio, A. (1975). Perceptual comparisons through the mind’s
eye. Memory & Cognition, 3,
635-647.
Article from journal (paginated by issue)
Becker, L.J., & Seligman, C. (1981). Welcome to the
energy crisis. Journal of Social
Issues, 37(2),
1-7.
Article from magazine
Gardner, H. (1981, December). Do babies sing a universal
song? Psychology Today, 18,
70-76.
Article from newspaper
Lubin, J.S. (1980, December 5). On idle: The unemployed
shun much mundane work, at least for a
while. The
Wall Street Journal, pp. A1, A25.
Encyclopedia article - signed
Brislin, R.W. (1984). Cross-cultural psychology. Encyclopedia
of psychology (Vol. 1, pp.
319-327).
New York: John Wiley.
Internet site
See Electronic
Reference Formats Recommended by the American Psychological Association
(http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html)
One work by single author
In a recent study of reaction times (Smith, 1993) [first
citation in text]
Smith (1993) compared reaction times [if name appears as part of the
narrative]
One work by two authors
Williams and Jones (1999) found
One work by three or more authors
Williams, Jones, Smith, Bradner, and Torrington (1993)
found [first note]
Williams et al. (1993) found [subsequent notes]
Corporate authors
(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2001) [first
note]
(NIMH, 2001) [subsequent notes]
Works with no author or an anonymous author
on free care (“Study Finds,” 2002) [title of article
or chapter]
the book College Bound Seniors
(1979)
[title of book]
Authors with the same surname
S.E. Dykes (1983) and B.A. Dykes (1980) also found
Two or more works within same parentheses
Past research (Zalichin, 1998, 1999) [2 or more works by
same author]
Several studies (Mullaney, 1998; Talpers, 2001) [2 or more works by
different authors]
Several studies (Bruce, 1990a, 1990b, 1990c) [same author with same
publication dates]
Direct quotation
Cooper (2002) stated that “relational phenomena are
inherently dynamic and
time-dependent.”
(p. 778)
* For additional examples and more specific information,
refer to the Publication Manual of
the American Psychological
Association, 5th
ed.
Revised 3/03
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